Canada’s Low Population: 5 Key Reasons Behind Its Sparse Settlement

Canada’s Low Population Density

Despite being the second-largest country in the world, Canada has a surprisingly low population. Covering 9.98 million square kilometers, the country had only 41 million people in 2024, resulting in a population density of just 10 people per square mile. But why is Canada’s low population such a unique phenomenon?

1. Harsh Climate in the North

One major reason for Canada’s low population is its extreme climate. The northern regions fall within the Arctic Circle, where freezing temperatures, tundra landscapes, and harsh winters make human settlement nearly impossible. As a result, most people live in southern and coastal areas.

2. Historical Population Growth

From the colonial era, Canada has always had slow population growth. Unlike other nations, it saw fewer European settlers, and immigration remained relatively low. This contributed to Canada’s low population over time.

3. Economic Structure and Urbanization

Although Canada is a developed nation, its economy is resource-based, relying on agriculture, mining, and forestry. These industries use technology and machinery, requiring fewer workers. As a result, rural areas remain sparsely populated, with 90% of the population concentrated near the U.S. border.

4. Low Birth Rate and Immigration Impact

Canada has a higher death rate than birth rate, leading to slow natural population growth. Immigration is the main driver of population increase, yet Canada’s strict immigration policies limit the number of newcomers compared to other countries.

5. Canada’s Growing Immigration Efforts

In recent years, Canada has taken steps to boost its population, welcoming around 400,000 new immigrants annually. The country’s high standard of living attracts people worldwide, but strict immigration laws still make it challenging to settle.

Final Thoughts

Canada’s low population is a result of geography, history, economy, and climate. While the country has vast natural resources, its harsh northern conditions and urban-centered lifestyle make it one of the least densely populated nations on Earth.